Chapter 22 Remote sensing and GIS studies of alteration and predictive mineral exploration in the Central Volcanic Arc, Myanmar

Abstract

The objective of this study is to identify alteration associated with ore deposits for predictive mineral exploration in the Central Volcanic Arc Belt (CVAB) of Myanmar (Figs 22.1 & 22.2). Modern techniques such as remote sensing (RS) and geographical information systems (GIS) were used to delineate structural lineaments and the hydrothermal alteration of the ore deposits. Landsat TM imagery and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) are now used more routinely for mineral exploration and shortwave infrared (SWIR) channels can be applied to detect associated altered mineral assemblages. Landsat and ASTER data are also applied to map iron oxides, structure and alteration minerals, and predict zones of mineralization potential as well as recognize different lithologies. This method is applicable to other mineralized areas in Myanmar where the potential is currently unknown. Fig. 22.1. Map showing regional tectonic setting of Central Volcanic Arc Belt (CVAB), Myanmar. Fig. 22.2. Map showing detailed mineral occurrences in the Monywa and Kawlin–Wuntho areas along the CVAB, Myanmar. The Department of Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration (DGSE), Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation, Myanmar is carrying out geological mapping and mineral prospecting in remote areas of Myanmar where it is not possible to cover large areas in a short period of time. Geological mapping and mineral exploration are required in mountainous terrains in the remote border regions of Myanmar. The use of modern techniques such as RS and GIS for geological survey is necessary in order to complete geological mapping of the whole country. Analysing and processing satellite imagery provide fast and effective methods for achieving this goal. Exploration geologists are engaged not only in the search for new mineral deposits, but also in the reassessment of existing deposits in order to identify the extent of ore bodies and mineralized zones. In its broadest sense, hydrothermal activity …