Abstract
Recent development in the field of nanomaterial synthesis and understanding their various fundamental properties like structural, optical, electrical, surface and charge transfer across the interfaces have led to significant advances for the sustainable progress in the field of sensor. Here in this chapter, we have briefly focused on the two things, (1) nanomaterial, their classifications (0D, 1D, 2D, 3D and metal, metal oxide, metal chalcogenide) and various methods for their synthesis including physical, chemical and biological based on bottom-up and top-down approaches. (2) Sensors, types of sensors based on their sensing mechanism for solid, liquid, and gaseous analytes. Essential constraints in the synthesis of nanomaterial specifically size, shape, composition tuneable quantum dots like reaction temperature, time, pH of the solution, capping ligand are deliberated carefully. Crucial parameters of the sensor like selectivity, sensitivity, stability, lower detection limit, response and recovery time, and their optimization are discussed in details. Furthermore, the future perspectives of novel and unexplored nanomaterials for sensor application as well as new techniques for nanoscaled detection/sensing of analytes with low cost, earth abundant, and nontoxic nanomaterial are explored.
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