Abstract
As part of the biosphere, soil plays an important role in food production and environmental sustainability. The increase in population and with it the increase of scientific and technical knowledge and the expansion of industries without observing environmental issues and standards have caused environmental pollution and disturbed the balance of the soil ecosystem. Therefore, it is an undeniable necessity to be aware of soil pollutants and pay more attention to the appropriate solution to reduce them. Different chemical and physical methods were used to purify soils contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs), most of which, in addition to their high cost, degrade the physical and chemical structure and vital activities of the soil and reduce land use for crop production. Therefore, it is better to use appropriate, natural, cost-effective, and on-site biological methods as much as possible. Phytoremediation is recommended as an acceptable method for moving or deactivating metals in contaminated soils. Among the rhizosphere organisms involved in plants’ reactions to the surrounding soil, plant growth-promoting bacteria, rhizobia, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AM) have been considered. Among the biological factors affecting the phytoremediation process, the role of soil microorganisms, especially fungi mycorrhizae are important, so that the efficiency of plants in the phytoremediation process can be enhanced if they coexist with these beneficial soil microorganisms. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the green treatment of PTEs contaminated soils was studied by reviewing and interpreting the results obtained from previous studies. The findings of this study revealed that the ability of mycorrhizal fungi to protect plants against PTEs toxicity to various factors such as plant species, type, and race of mycorrhizal fungi, type, and concentration of PTEs, plant growth conditions, soil properties, age, physiological status depends on the root system of the plant.
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