Abstract

This chapter introduces a new area of research in variational data assimilation. The theory that we have presented for both variational and ensemble data assimilation schemes has assumed that the errors are Gaussian distributed. In this chapter we relax the Gaussian assumption to allow for errors that are lognormally distributed. We shall derive the full field and increment 3D and 4D VAR cost functions for both lognormal errors and mixed Gaussian-lognormal errors as well. We shall show results comparing the mixed non-Gaussian approach with the logarithmic approach, as well as with just a Gaussian-fits-all scheme. We finish this chapter with interesting new results with respect to minimization algorithms and a Newton-fractal.

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