Chapter 21 - Measures of Perfectionism

Abstract

The current chapter provides an historical overview of how perfectionism is conceptualized and measured. We examine contemporary concerns and issues in the assessment of perfectionism. Our analysis focuses on five widely used instruments – the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Hewitt and Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Almost Perfect Scale – Revised, the Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory, and the Perfectionistic Self-Presentation Scale. Our analysis suggests that these instruments are recommended for use but there are several key issues that need to be examined in future research. It is further noted that the term ‘perfectionism’ is relatively meaningless in and of itself and it is important to remain cognizant of how perfectionism was conceptualized and measured when evaluating research contributions. This analysis further underscores the fact that the perfectionism construct is exceedingly complex and it includes trait, cognitive, and self-presentational components. Key directions for future research are discussed.