Abstract
The scientific drilling of marine subsurface environments has offered unique opportunities to explore how life persists and evolves in the Earth's interior. There are very few natural environments on the surface of the earth where life is absent; however, there are predicted constraints and limits to life associated with some deep subseafloor environments. The deep subseafloor biosphere is vast in scale and differs both physically and chemically from the Earth's surface biosphere. The processes that mediate genetic and metabolic evolution of life in the subseafloor may be very different from those well-studied systems on the Earth's surface. Research on the deep subseafloor biosphere is anticipated to have the potential to impact major scientific and societal questions such as energy creation, climate change, and the process of microbial evolution on Earth over geologic time.
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