Abstract
The external shape of the foot and ankle can provide indications about its underlying health and function, and it is important when designing orthotic interventions for pathologies affecting the lower limb. Until recently, assessing the overall shape of the foot has been a largely subjective task, with only a few linear or circumferential measurements used, or time-consuming and unreliable plaster casts required to capture the full shape of the foot. 3D surface scanning allows a detailed digital model of the whole foot and ankle to be easily captured, and this model can subsequently be utilized and analyzed in numerous ways. Many technologies fall under the umbrella of 3D surface scanning, and several have been shown to be fast, accurate, and reproducible in the context of foot and ankle research. Given this, 3D surface scanning is being increasingly utilized in studies involving custom footwear and orthotics. The technology lends itself to capturing large sets of data and has been employed in several epidemiological studies. This chapter covers the development of 3D surface scanning, its foot and ankle biomechanics-related applications, and potential future uses.
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