Abstract
This chapter focuses on stem cells that reside within the central nervous system (CNS)—that is, the adult spinal cord. The chapter discusses the factors that direct the fate of stem cell in the developing and adult CNS, as they may be applied to recruit and direct endogenous repair of the injured spinal cord. The finding of stem cells resident in the adult spinal cord offers a promising new approach to correcting spinal cord injury. Endogenous activation of these cells represents an exciting alternative to transplantation. Exploring the role of the post-injury environment in directing cell fate may prove to be of equal or greater importance than choosing the most suitable stem cell for repair. Manipulation of the post-injury milieu with subsequent recruitment of endogenous progenitor cells may prove to be an effective neuroprotective and/or neurorestorative strategy.
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