Abstract
The prevalence of bone defects, their associated morbidity, and socio-economic cost explain the need for skeletal repair and regeneration. Therefore, the selection, design, and processing of hydrogels should be engineered in such a way so that they provide both biochemical and biophysical (substrate stiffness, matrix topography, match between material degradation and extracellular matrix deposition, and mechanical stimulation) cues from the native extracellular matrix inductive for cell attachment, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. A strong emphasis is put on how the biological cues are being mimicked in natural hydrogel materials (alginate, chitosan, collagen, and gelatin) and how this design can be further improved in the future.
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