Abstract
The Hippoboscoidea (Families Hippoboscidae, Streblidae, and Nycteribiidae) are parasitic true flies (Order: Diptera) that feed on the blood. The Streblidae, and Nycteribiidae are ectoparasites of bats and contain the majority of species with the Hippoboscidae known from birds and mammals other than bats. Several species of Hippoboscidae including Melophagus ovinus and Hippobosca spp. are ectoparsites of domestic animals and livestock. Melophagus ovinus causes significant direct damage to sheep, but is not a major vector of known pathogens. As with most blood feeding arthropods the Hippoboscoidea are vectors of pathogens but since most species feed on wildlife they are less studied than those that bite humans or domestic animals.
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