Abstract
The Volga River, at 3690 km, is the longest river in Europe and 16th in the world. The geographical situation of the Volga promoted human colonization by various nations and played an important role in the movement of people between east and west (from Asia to Europe) as well as south and north. The present ethnographic composition of the Volga region consists of Indo-European (Russian majority, Ukrainians, Germans, Belorussians, Poles, Latvians), Finnish (Votyaks, Permyaks, Chemerisis, Mordvas, Karels) and Turkish (Bashkirs, Kyrgyzs, Tatars, Chuvashs) peoples. Kalmyks, representatives of Mongol nationality, form a separate group. The Volga basin is divided into three sections referred to as the upper, middle, and lower Volga. Gorky dam and Kuibyshev dam are considered the border of the upper and middle Volga and the middle and lower Volga, respectively. This chapter includes subsections describing each region of the Volga, along with separate sections on its largest tributaries: Kama, Oka and Sheksna.
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