Abstract

Abstract Unconventional polarization states are light fields that depart from uniformly polarized, beam-like descriptions. Originally studied in the context of waveguide modes and laser cavities, these light fields have grown into a topic of study that has begun to impact on optical technologies from scanning microscopy to optical lithography. This paper provides a summary of the foundational concepts and a review of experimental and theoretical progress in understanding the creation, propagation, focusing, and coherence properties of these light fields.

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