Abstract
Abstract [First paragraph]: The term contact area refers to the portion of the wheel or tire in contact with the supporting surface. The contact area between a tire and the ground is an important indicator of the load-carrying capability of the tire. Furthermore, it is this area that transmits the forces developed between the tire and the ground. Thus, it is a significant factor in the control of the development of interfacial stresses and in the transmission of stresses to the supporting terrain (Yong et al., 1980a). Interruptions in the contact area due to lugs are generally considered to be part of the contact area. When calculating mean ground pressure it is commonly assumed that full penetration of any lugs present on the tire is achieved (Plackett, 1984). Abeels (1976) differentiates between the total contact area (or total footprint area) and the effective contact area (the area actually supporting the load), which depends on the degree of lug penetration into the soil. The effective contact area of a tire indicates the potential for anchorage and transmission of torque, particularly in cohesive soils. Typically, the effective contact area represents 18% to 24% of the total area (Komandi, 1976; Abeels, 1992).
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