Abstract
There are aspects of the history of the excavations in Shanidar Cave and the discoveries of the Neandertals that relate to the appreciation of the Neandertal remains. This chapter provides an overview of these aspects. It describes the site of Shanidar Cave. Shanidar Cave is located in the Zagros Mountains of northeastern Iraq, in the middle of Iraqi Kurdistan. As such, it is close to the point where Iraq meets Iran and Turkey. The region is one of high limestone bluffs and rolling terrain. The limestone contains numerous caves of which Shanidar Cave appears to be one of the largest. The site itself is in the Shanidar Valley that leads off to the north from the larger valley formed by the Greater Zab River, not far from the village of Shanidar. The cave has a commanding view of the Shanidar Valley and is not far from the Greater Zab Valley. In prehistoric times, under cooler and wetter conditions, it must have been a welcome retreat. The chapter then presents the history of excavations in Shanidar Cave and discusses the discoveries of the individual Shanidar Neandertals.
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