Abstract
The regulation of gene expression is a fundamental process by which the expression of genes is controlled in response to a particular stimulus or environment. Classically, gene control was viewed as the interaction of proteins and other regulatory factors with the promoter, now it has been proved that the regulation can occur at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, or post-translational level and involves various layers of control including remodeling of chromosomes, positioning of nucleosomes, binding of regulatory elements to the coding as well as untranslated regions (UTRs), noncoding RNAs, alternative splicing and polyadenylation, transport of mRNAs, etc. This chapter gives an insight into the regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and its significance. Although these modifications do not occur in every mRNA, they are involved in the fine-tuning of various proteins.
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