Abstract

This chapter provides an overview of the development and morphology of pituitary gland along with the biosynthesis, functions, and regulations of its hormones. Pituitary gland is also known as the “master gland.” Its hormone secretions control the growth and activity of three other endocrine glands: the thyroid, adrenals, and gonads. The pituitary hormones are not limited in their activity to regulation of endocrine target glands; they also act directly. Physiological importance is established for six anterior pituitary hormones. These hormones govern the functions of the thyroid and adrenal glands, the gonads, the mammary glands, and bodily growth. All of the anterior pituitary hormones are proteins or glycoproteins. Secretion of all of these hormones is under the control of signals arising in both the brain and the periphery.

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