Abstract
The simplest isoquinoline alkaloids found in plants are derivatives of tetrahydroisoquinoline, which always bear oxygen substituents belonging to the hydroxyl, methoxyl, or methylenedioxy groups. This chapter describes the existence of secondary or tertiary bases, which arise in nature as a result of condensation of β-phenylethylamines with formaldehyde or acetaldehyde or their equivalents, the amines being derived from amino acids. The hordenine base is a phenolic tertiary amine of composition C 10 H 15 ON. The 3-hydroxytyramine base is one of the hypertensive agents of Cytisus scoparius. Its structure is clear from its formation by the decarboxylation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine on heating above its melting point. The chapter further describes the formation of mescaline, which has the composition C 11 H 17 O 3 N and which contains one primary amino and three methoxyl groups. The salsoline alkaloid occurs in the desert plant Salsola arbuscula, and it has the composition C 11 H 15 O 2 N. It contains one phenolic hydroxyl, one methoxyl, and one imino group.
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