Abstract
We start by discussing the von Neumann architecture and and some modifications to it: cache memories and instruction level parallelism. We continue by considering various parallel architectures. Among those we look at shared memory architectures and distributed memory architectures. We also look at Flynn's taxonomy that classifies systems according to the number of instruction streams and the number of data streams: single instruction stream, single data stream; single instruction stream, multiple data streams; and multiple instruction streams, multiple data streams. We discuss different interconnection networks for parallel systems. We consider software for the various types of parallel systems, and we look at Foster's methodology for developing parallel programs. We also consider various performance metrics for parallel systems.
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