Abstract
This chapter discusses the five planning areas in an organization: (1) budget, (2) operations, (3) maintenance, (4) strategic planning, and (5) corporate totality. A formal language is a set of well-formed formulas, which is determined by its creator according to the following rules. First, there is a set of symbols that is like an alphabet of the language. Second, there is a set of formation rules that determine which sequences of symbols are formulas in the language. The relation between the formal language and the domain of interpretation provides an insight into the exact place of the computer, because a computer is a materialized formal language with domain of interpretation. A formal system is a formal language where specific formulas are first put forward as axioms and then rules of inference are laid down that indicate which formulas are an immediate consequence of formulas in the formal system.
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