Abstract
This chapter establishes the need for a holistic approach by providing a critical review of the current literature on the concept of effective environmental impact assessment (EIA) system. A review of the status of EIA systems in developing countries is presented. Major approaches, namely, institutional; decision making and quality of environmental impact statements; contextual; and social system, to an effective EIA system, are also critically examined. This examination identifies the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches and helps develop an integrated holistic framework necessary to review EIA systems in developing countries. Lastly, the chapter focuses on the key areas of investigation for the EIA system evaluation.
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