Abstract
Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy is a phase interferometry approach widely used to introduce contrast in transparent living biological samples. We begin with a historical introduction of the development of DIC microscopy and draw connections with other types of interference microscopy. We describe the basic principles of the transmitted light DIC, differences between the Wollaston and the Nomarski prisms, and a simple experimental technique for measuring angular shear of DIC prism. Three methods for bias control are discussed: movement of the DIC prism, the Senarmont compensator, and liquid crystal cell. We describe methodology and specific applications for video-enhanced DIC, video-enhanced DIC with polarization modulation, Zeiss PlasDIC, and C-DIC. Orientation-independent DIC microscopy with fast switching sheer direction and combination of OI-DIC with fluorescent microscopy is described.
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