Abstract

Publisher Summary It is well-established that the striatum contains a population of cholinergic neurons, which can be revealed by using either acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry or choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunohistochemistry. Cholinergic neurons have been identified in the striatum of rats, cats, monkeys, and humans. In order to disclose the dendritic and axonal morphology of cholinergic neurons, comparisons were made with previous classifications based on Golgiimpregnated material. These classifications were in fact elaborated in different animal species; rats, mice, cats, dogs, monkeys, and humans. In addition, a variety of different criteria, such as cell body size, dendritic morphology, number of spines or axon length were used for identifying and classifying neurons. Finally, striatal cholinergic neurons were assumed to be similar in all animal species and their characterization became obscure. The goal of this chapter is to compare the morphology of cholinergic neurons in primates and non-primates using data of recent morphological taxonomy of the neurons of the primate striatum.

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