Chapter 19 - Reducing, recycling, and fundamentally rethinking microplastics

Abstract

Marine systems are the largest sink of plastic waste that is dumped and discharged globally. With the realization of the negative effects of plastics and microplastics, efforts are being exerted to remove and treat existing plastic wastes. Oceans are being trawled to remove floating plastic debris. New technologies such as ferrofluids with oxides are being developed to remove microplastics from wastewater. While these technologies should be used to separate and collect microplastic particles from the waste stream, the adoption of better waste management practices will curb microplastic pollution from the womb. Waste management practices aim to effectively sort plastic waste according to the nature of the product and need. Reduced use of plastics, a ban on single-use plastics, and source reduction will prevent microplastic particles from entering the environment. Adaptation of alternatives and the eco-design of products will result in significant reductions in industries that contribute to microplastic pollution. Recycling plastic waste into plastic pellets will create circularity in the plastic life cycle by suppressing the need to produce virgin plastic pellets. While both approaches will pave the way to reducing microplastic pollution, comanagement from all stakeholders will aid in the safe disposal of plastic waste.