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Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on advances in therapeutic approaches to type 2 diabetes. In the US, about 10% of the diabetic population suffers from Type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune disease characterized by the loss of pancreatic beta-cell function and an absolute deficiency of insulin. The remainder of the diabetic population suffers from Type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), which, although related to the body's inability to properly respond to insulin, has a more complex etiology. Diabetes can be treated by a combination of lifestyle change, dietary change and medication. The metabolic disorder underlying diabetes also affects protein and lipid metabolism, leading to serious complications, including peripheral nerve damage, kidney damage, impaired blood circulation, and damage to the retina of the eye. The chapter focuses on some of the most interesting medicinal chemistry approaches that have been taken for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. An overview of insulin analogues or modified insulin/improved delivery is presented and enhancers of insulin release are described. Inhibitors of hepatic glucose production are also analyzed.
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