Abstract
Numerous environmental stresses can affect plants, and there is a demand for crop types that can withstand these stresses in light of climate change, rising demand on global food productivity, and other factors. Abiotic stress factors that limit plant growth and development, including drought, high salt stress, heavy metals, as well as temperature extremes (hot, cold, and freezing), represent a threat to agricultural productivity. Due to the continuous loss of arable land, the reduction of water resources, as well as the acceleration of global warming trends and climate change, it is anticipated that the yields of the main food crops would decrease in many regions in the future. Agriculture, abiotic stress, as well as plant development in arid places will all experience increasingly severe effects from climate change and the ongoing increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide. In order to solve these issues and rapidly produce novel germplasm, plant mutation breeding is a key strategy. The development of several mutants in various crop plants, thanks to induced mutagenesis, has been significant. These mutant cultivars, which have been cultivated all over the world and have a specific characteristic or attribute, such as high yield and resilience to biotic and abiotic challenges, have improved livelihoods and had a large beneficial economic impact. As of now, 3402 mutant varieties have been officially released. Asia is home to more than 60% of the officially released mutant types, with China, Japan, and India dominating the region. Farmers in vast acreages have been cultivating the mutant variants created and released in important crops, which has enhanced food production and helped to ensure food security. This chapter discusses many aspects of mutation breeding, applications, and successful applications of induced mutant varieties in sustainable agriculture. In addition, recent advancements in mutation technology are also highlighted.
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