Abstract
Lipid-based nanoparticles, especially liposomes, have shown great promise for the treatment of different types of cancer. These systems modify the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of encapsulated drugs, resulting in improvement of therapeutic efficacy, decreased drug toxicity, and enhanced accumulation in tumor tissues. The accumulation in the tumor can occur by passive or active targeting. Active targeted nanostructures can often overcome the lack of specificity of conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Targeting is accomplished through nanoparticle surface modification with ligands that interact with overexpressed receptors on tumor cells, such as antibodies, internalizable ligands and cell-penetrating peptides. This chapter will consider the status and the directions in the emerging field of targeted delivery of anticancer drugs. Stimuli-sensitive and combination therapy and their advantages will also be discussed, with particular attention given to lipid-based nanocarriers. We will focus on liposomes, lipid-based micelles and the emerging class of particles based on lipid components other than phospholipids, including solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers.
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