Abstract
Biosensors are diagnostic tools capable of converting biological signals into measurable analytical responses. These devices have a wide range of applications that are expanding rapidly for real-time detection. These sensing devices are known to be economical, efficient, and easy to operate as opposed to conventional detection approaches for a widespread of applications. Thus, their features continue to improve through the novel and current advancements in research and technology allowing them to gain increased attention. Selected key benefits of these devices are that they provide rapid responses, are highly sensitive, are easily miniaturized, are highly selective, have a long-life series and are highly specific. This chapter will explore the basic notions of biosensors, their components, types, and routine principles additional to their vast application in water quality monitoring and the detection of water pathogens with a particular emphasis on bacteria. In addition, this chapter will also highlight the role of nanoparticles in the development of biosensors. Included herein will also be the various types of nanoparticles used in water quality management, their synthesis methods, and their role in the monitoring and detection of bacteria as well as in water treatment.
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