Abstract
Milk has been extensively used as a vehicle for fortification with nutrients. Fortification of liquid milk with one or more micronutrients is mandatory in several countries; Latin America is the region where fortification is most widespread. Vitamin D and vitamin A are commonly indicated in mandatory norms. A few countries in Latin America have milk fortification programs that are specifically targeted to children. The global average intake of milk in adults has been estimated at 135mL/day with intake being highest in Central Latin America, Europe, and Southern sub-Saharan Africa. Fortification of milk with vitamin D to prevent rickets in children has been one of the greatest achievements in public health. Impact evaluations of targeted fortified milk programs have been conducted in Chile, Mexico, and Costa Rica; all showing a significant decrease in the prevalence of anemia in children consuming iron fortified milks. The assessment of the impact of milk fortification programs on other micronutrients is far less common. Periodic evaluations of mandatory fortification programs and the assessment of their impact on other micronutrients are future challenges.
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