Abstract
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology offers numerous opportunities for wastewater treatment in terms of environmental protection, energy and water recovery, biochemical production, and valuable metal recovery. Various types of wastewater can be used as feedstock for the microbial fuel cells in which the exoelectrogenic bacteria produce electrons under anaerobic conditions. Compared with conventional aeration technologies for wastewater treatment, MFCs produce less sludge with net energy production. This chapter discusses the current practices in wastewater treatment with regard to energy consumption and recovery followed by a detailed discussion of microbial fuel cell technology as a future technology for wastewater treatment. Existing challenges in implementation of MFCs in wastewater treatment, especially for large scale applications and future research directions for a sustainable wastewater treatment alternatives based on MFCs has been discussed in detail.
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