Abstract
Mediterranean diet can be considered the paradigm of a healthy dietary pattern by virtue of its food components. Red wine is one of such components particularly rich in bioactive phytochemicals as polyphenols. The cardioprotective potential of light-to-moderate, regular red wine consumption at main meals has been advocated by a number of epidemiological observational studies. However, although preclinical in vitro/in vivo studies demonstrated the vasodilatory, antiplatelet, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory properties of red wine and polyphenols, the number of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) is still scanty to substantiate these observations and a cause-effect relation. Therefore there is not sufficient high-quality evidence to recommend that individuals initiate alcohol consumption for cardiovascular benefit, whereas, for those already drinking, consumption should be limited to recommended amounts at main meals.
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