Abstract
Water is a precious resource of nature and clean drinking water is essential for the survival of all the living creatures. However, extensive industrialization, human activities, and urbanization have led to a decrease in the water quality. The released industrial wastewater is highly carcinogenic and nonbiodegradable in nature because of the presence of heavy metals and organic and inorganic contaminants. Among them, heavy metals or trace metals are one of the most persistent pollutants and their toxicity creates various negative effects to the environment. Biological methods using algae, fungi, and bacteria are preferred for heavy metal adsorption owing to their eco-friendly and economical approach. The use of cyanobacteria is in vogue for the heavy metal adsorption because of their specialized cell wall structure and tolerance to various conditions making them tolerant to heavy metals. This chapter discusses the various mechanisms used by cyanobacteria for the removal of metals and highlights the inspiring properties for their potent application as adsorbents for wastewater treatment.
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