Abstract
This chapter discusses the history, etiology, and epidemiology of the encephalomyocarditis virus. The EMC virus is popularly used in biophysical investigations and experimental pathogenicity studies. The virus is periodically recovered in diagnostic and epidemiological investigations as the etiological agent of disease in domestic swine, captive wild animals, or nonhuman primates. The encephalomycarditis group of viruses is composed of several strains of viruses. The EMC, Columbia-SK, MM, and Mengo viruses are the strains most frequently associated with the group. These strains are antigenically similar and are collectively referred to as the EMC viruses, the EMC group of viruses, or the Columbia-SK group. Naturally occurring overt or latent infections of colonies of laboratory mice with EMC virus have not been reported. If infection with EMC virus is suspected, virus recovery and identification must be made to confirm the presence of the disease agent. The virus is readily recoverable from affected mice. EMC virus is sufficiently antigenic so that its presence in rodents or a mouse colony can be determined through serological procedures.
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