Abstract
The probability of an event is the ratio of the number of cases favoring the event to the number of all possible cases, assuming that all these cases are equally possible. This chapter describes binomial distribution as the distribution obtained by the binomial expansion, having certain characteristic features that are very important from a statistical point of view. It is a distribution that is known from the analysis of frequency distributions: a distribution with a maximum decreasing gradually in both directions. Certain observations in statistical practice are distributed in a manner approximating the normal curve. If the same quantity is measured multiple times, identical results are not obtained. The figures differ either because of a lack of precision in the measuring instruments or because of the lack of accuracy in reading the results. If the instrument is not faulty and if the investigator is not biased to read more or less than the measurement indicates, it has been found that when the number of measurements is sufficiently large, the most frequently obtained result is located in the middle, between deviations up and down. This result is accepted as the true distance between the two points. Readings too high or too low appear with approximately the same frequency. The greater the errors, the less frequent they are. Their frequencies are arranged approximately in the pattern of the normal curve.
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