Abstract
Trace amines are structurally and metabolically related to classical monoamine neurotransmitters (dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin) in the mammalian brain. Under physiological conditions, trace amines are found at low concentrations and modulate several physiological processes including aminergic neurotransmission. However, they are present at abnormal levels in many brain diseases, implicating their importance in the pathology of several brain diseases. Trace amines exert their effect by activating a class of G-protein-coupled receptors, so-called trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs). TAAR1 is a protein that is expressed in several mammalian brain areas, and can be activated by endogenous trace amines as well as by dopaminergic, adrenergic, and serotonergic ligands. In vivo studies have shown an inhibitory influence of TAAR1 on dopamine neurotransmission, controlling cognition including movement, suggesting the therapeutic potential of TAAR1. This commentary focuses on the possible link among monoaminergic neurotransmitters, trace amines, and neurological disorders, having a common symptom of depression.
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