Abstract
This chapter discusses structured query language in the late 70s. In the late 70s, IBM devised a sub-language with the specific intention of accessing databases composed of only tables. The language was called Structured Query Language (SQL). In the early 80s, SQL received a commercial push that catapulted it into a standard. If a relational database system is to offer data definition possibilities via a language, then SQL is as good a base as any. However, the SQL that currently exists should be somewhat extended. SQL is offered as a self-contained interactive query language, but it also exists as a programming language. SQL's SELECT is a powerful statement that allows extensive database retrieval. However, it is not powerful enough as it does not include a number of interesting logical operators such as FORALL or logical implication. When using SQL as a programming language, there are a number of additional considerations that one must be aware of. One of them is the presence of program variables. Such variables may be used in an SQL statement, but must be highlighted by means of a special leading character.
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