Chapter 17 The genome project—A commentary

Abstract

Summary The genome project is a collective name for genetic mapping and sequencing efforts being pursued in various organisms by scientists around the world. These projects, such as the Human Genome Project, arose out of past decades of genetics research, and will result in knowledge of the complete genetic sequence of some bacteria, yeast, plants, animals, and human beings. The data generated is being shared by researchers around the world, but the quantity involved requires advanced genetic and computing technology. The benefits of this grand project of molecular genetics include the rapid and economical identification of disease-related genes, and the expansion of genetic diagnosis and therapy. There will be numerous benefits for agriculture and industry. However, there are numerous ethical, legal and social impact (ELSI) issues magnified by the enormity of the project. These include privacy and genetic testing, genetic discrimination, eugenics, and genetic determinism issues. The potential economic rewards of utilization of the gene sequences has led to questions about patenting of cDNA and other genetic data, which are still to be resolved. There has already been a shift in society during the course of this project to focus on the genetic causes of phenotype, and this trend could result in ethical abuses of the information, as well as a different view of humanity. We need to examine the role of molecular and cellular genetics in medicine and society, and educate people how to utilize genetic knowledge for the physical, mental, and spiritual health of all people.