Abstract
The normal functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) presupposes a well-balanced interaction between different biochemically and structurally linked neuronal systems. Neurodegenerative processes can involve diverse areas of the CNS. Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by reduced size and velocity of movements. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), cognitive impairment is the cardinal clinical symptom. In motoneuron disease, a degeneration of the central pyramidal or the peripheral motor system, or both is the reason for the clinical picture. Impairment of mitochondrial ATP regeneration, as a consequence of electron transfer chain inhibition or of a decrease in activities of enzymes of energy metabolism, could enhance (O2) production in mitochondria. An increased dopamine (DA) turnover in PD as a consequence of an 80–90% loss of nerve cells in the substantia nigra zona compacta and amplified DA-liberation and reuptake in remaining axons of the striatum is a process that may contribute to the progressive loss of DA neurons in PD.
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