Abstract
Muscid flies include significant blood-feeding parasites, vectors of disease agents, species that annoy humans, and species that parasitize domesticated animals and wildlife. Species of significance to public or animal health are known as filth flies, dung flies, sweat flies and bird nest parasites. Filth flies develop in a variety of filthy organic substrates. Prominent species are house fly, bazaar fly, stable fly, false stable fly, little house fly, and garbage flies. Prudence dictates filth flies should be minimized wherever human food is prepared and served. Dung flies develop exclusively in cattle dung, and are face fly, bush fly, horn fly, and buffalo fly. Adults and larvae of the significant muscid species can be identified by a combination of morphological, behavioral and ecological features, including habitats of larvae and adults. Management of muscid flies often involves prevention of local fly breeding by elimination or modification of known larval sources. Fall-back options may involve augmentative biological control, applications of repellents or adulticides, and screening to exclude adult flies from indoor areas where filth flies cannot be tolerated.
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