Abstract
Catalysis by metal complexes in the liquid phase is currently a very important area in chemistry. Intense development of this field is due to several evident advantages of such catalysts. They are characterized by high catalytic activity, capability of reacting only with specific substrates (specificity), and in a specific position (selectivity). Currently, the number of industrial processes using metal complex catalysts is continuously increasing. They include such “classical” large-tonnage processes as polymerization on the Ziegler catalysts, olefin oxidation by molecular oxygen to aldehydes, hydroformylation of saturated compounds, preparation of acetic acid from methanol and carbon monoxide, synthesis of adiponitrile from butadiene, and others. Metal complex catalysts allowed under mild conditions several reactions, which were previously unknown in chemistry, viz., reduction of molecular nitrogen to hydrazine and ammonia, alkane activation and oxidation, water photodecomposition, etc. Finally, due to relative simplicity of kinetic and physicochemical studies in the liquid phase and potentialities for wide varying of the structure and properties of the catalyst and medium, metal complex systems are convenient objects for the solution of novel problems of catalysis as a whole.
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