Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter illustrates the physical properties, general methods of preparation, and reactions of alkanedicarboxylic acids (CnH2n(CO2H)2), mono-olefin dicarboxylic acids; alkene dicarboxylic acids (CnH2n-2(CO2H)2), polyolefin dicarboxylic acids, and acetylenic and polyacetylenic dicarboxylic acids. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are converted into the corresponding dicarboxylic acids and the lower homologues. The attributes of oxalic acid and its derivatives, malonic acids and its derivatives, succinic acid and its derivatives, glutaric acid and its derivatives, the higher dicarboxylic acids, maleic and fumaric acids, propenedicarboxylic acids and their alkyl substitution products, such as itaconic or methylenesuccinic acid, and acetylenedicarboxylic acid are discussed. Higher dicarboxylic acids including dihydromuconic acids and muconic acid are discussed. Several methods of obtaining polyolefin dicarboxylic acids are described. An intramolecular Wittig reaction is utilized to prepare a mono-acetylene dicarboxylic acid. Dimethylperfluoro(α-methyl-γγ-dimethyl)glutaconate is prepared by a sequence of reactions. Halogen derivatives of fumaric and maleic acids are also presented in the chapter.
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