Chapter 16 - Psychosocial Impact of the Thyroid Examination of the Fukushima Health Management Survey

Abstract

The thyroid examination component of the Fukushima Health Management Survey was launched in a chaotic environment with insufficient preparation following a compound disaster in 2011. Over the past 5 years, various psychosocial issues have arisen related to these ultrasound examinations. Examinees and their families tended to associate examination results with radiation exposure and developed new concerns about thyroid cancer. Screening for thyroid cancer is not generally recommended around the world, owing to the disease’s excellent prognosis and to risk of overdiagnosis. We reevaluated the thyroid examination program in terms of screening principles and in consideration of the situation after a nuclear power plant accident. We found the program does not match the principles for planning of case-finding and inadequately balances potential benefits and harms. To address various psychosocial issues and reduce harm related to thyroid examinations we have provided explanatory meetings, individual counseling, and classes for students. These strategies are essential, yet they are also insufficient. More extensive program changes are necessary to further reduce the potential harms of thyroid cancer screening and related negative experiences.