Abstract
Endophytes are the microorganisms that exist inside the plant tissue without triggering any negative effects. Endophytes demonstrate a positive effect on plant growth and crop yield and are hence, highly important for agriculture. Endophytic fungi have the potential to reduce the need for fertilizers inducing a significant increase in seed germination, seedling vigor, biomass production, root hair development, plant photosynthetic efficiency, and crop yield. Fungal endophytes can improve plant biochemical composition by providing antioxidant defenses, osmoregulation, and influencing nutrient uptake efficiency during extreme conditions of the environment. The symbiotic relationship of endophytic fungi with crops can be an effective strategy to overcome the adverse effects of both abiotic and biotic stresses. Present chapter highlights the mechanisms involved in plant endophyte interactions and the role of endophytic fungi as biostimulants of plant growth under stress conditions.
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