Abstract
Histocompatibility testing, also known as “HLA” testing, is among the highest complexity testing performed in clinical laboratories. Most HLA laboratories utilize molecular methodologies for typing patients at several HLA loci and a variety of test methodologies for HLA antibody screening and crossmatching. These methodologies can range from 1960s-era complement-dependent cytotoxicity to modern multilaser platforms. Different transplant programs and HLA laboratories have different criteria for testing their patients. As a result, each HLA laboratory is mandated to have an agreement with each of the transplant programs that they support. These criteria are mandated by various regulatory and accrediting agencies. This chapter will provide a review and overview of histocompatibility testing for transplantation and other clinical purposes.
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