Abstract
The toxic and recalcitrant nature of metals in an aqueous solution may cause an ill impact on plants, humans, and other living beings. Though many methods like membrane filtration, reverse osmosis, electrocoagulation, chemical precipitation, etc. are in use to remove metals from water sources but are not practically feasible in many aspects. The application of low cost adsorbents for metal remediation has been extensively investigated as an alternative for uneconomical, unconventional, and tedious approaches of eliminating metals from an aqueous solution. Many researchers have carried out the synthesis of adsorbents derived from agricultural waste (neem bark, rice husk, orange peel, etc.), industrial waste (fly ash, waste slurry, etc.), household waste (waste tea, etc.) and some other materials like chiton, biochar, activated carbon, etc. Some of the highest reported low-cost adsorbent with maximum adsorption capacity for removal of metals are Anadara inaequivalvis shells (Copper), orange peel (Nickel, Lead, Cadmium), crab shell particles (Cobalt), oyster shells (Zinc), pistachio hull waste (Chromium), Ganga sand (copper, iron). In this chapter, various adsorbents have been investigated to evaluate the most effective material and method for metal remediation as a sustainable approach to ensure environmental safety.
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