Abstract
The term antihistamine refers to drugs that antagonize the actions of histamine. Histamine plays a pivotal role in allergic inflammation. It is released by the human immune system during allergic reactions, causing itching, swelling, and congestion, stimulating gastric secretion and constriction of bronchial smooth muscle, and dilating blood vessels, which causes a fall in blood pressure. It is involved also in the regulation of basic body functions, including energy and endocrine homeostasis, cognition and memory, and the sleep–wake cycle.
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