Abstract
This chapter outlines the properties of saturated aldocarboxylic acids (OHC·C n H 2 n ·CO 2 H), unsaturated aldocarboxylic acids, nitrogen analogues of the aldocarboxylic acids, saturated oxo-carboxylic acids, unsaturated oxo-carboxylic acids, and enol-lactones. Ozonolysis of α,β-unsaturated acids in methanol in presence of dimethyl sulfide provides an efficient route to glyoxylic acid and esters. Two routes are presented to obtain 3-formylbut-3-enonitrile (α-cyanomethylacrolein). Diazo-esters and -amides are prepared in high yields from phosphorus ylids and toluene- p -sulfonyl azide. Cyclopropenes are presented to form by irradiation of ethyl diazoacetate and acetylene. In the presence of boron trifluoride catalyst, ethyl diazoacetate reacts with trialkyl trithio-orthoformates to give 2,3,3-tri(alkylthio) propionate ester. Esters of α -oxo-acids are prepared in good yields by the reaction of dialkyl oxalates with a Grignard reagent. The thermolysis of methyl acetoacetate is also discussed. Derivatives of β -thio-esters and related compounds are prepared from diketen. The reaction of α -diazoketones with excess of keten produces the unsaturated γ -lactone in good yield.
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