Chapter 153 - Oleic Acid and Inhibition of Glucosyltransferase

Abstract

Dental caries in humans is associated primarily with the acidogenic and aciduric properties of the mutans streptococci. The colonization and accumulation of these cariogenic oral streptococci on the tooth surface have been associated with the ability of mutans streptococci to synthesize extracellular glucan from sucrose. Sugars, particularly sucrose, are the most important dietary etiological cause of caries. Both the frequency of consumption and total amount of sugars is important in the etiology of caries. The evidence establishing sugars as an etiological factor in dental caries is overwhelming. Mutans streptococcal glucans are synthesized by glucosyltransferase enzymes. Glucosyltransferases (GTFs: sucrose 6-glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.5) are of central importance in adhesive interactions with Streptococcus mutans and are essential in the expression of virulence by these microorganisms. The GTFs synthesize soluble and insoluble α-linked glucans from sucrose and contribute significantly to the polysaccharide composition of the dental plaque matrix. These glucans can enhance the pathogenic potential of dental plaque by promoting the accumulation of cariogenic streptococci on the teeth of humans and experimental animals. So, the development of therapeutic agents aimed at inhibiting GTF is one of the prime strategies to reduce the incidence of tooth decay. Some screening for biologically active compounds from natural sources with anti-GTF effects has been performed. This chapter discusses the recent progress of fatty acids' (from olive oil) inhibitory roles against caries development as GTF inhibitors.