Abstract
Collagen type XV is from the multiplexin superfamily of collagens, due to the presence of multiple noncollagenous interruptions in their central triple helix. Collagen type XV is predominantly located in the basement membrane zones of microvessels and cardiac or skeletal myocytes. Type XV collagen is produced mainly by fibroblasts, muscle cells, and endothelial cells. To date, there are no known human disease-causing mutations of the COL15A1 gene. However, mice deficient in collagen XV show skeletal myopathy, impaired cardiac function, and defects in the microvasculature of the heart and skin. The fragment of NC1-XV, restin (also named collagen XV endostatin), has ambiguous antiangiogenesis effects, but inhibits endothelial cell migration in vitro. There are presently no biomarkers of type XV collagen.
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