Abstract
Despite the increasing scientific efforts to develop methods for obviating the use of pesticides, agriculture is still dependent on these toxic chemical compounds. Because of regular and extensive use, the pesticides contaminate various ecosystems of the earth and also affect the nontarget organisms including cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria are the very unique photosynthetic prokaryotes having several ecological and economic importance. Due to having nitrogen fixing ability they are known to contribute to the fertility of paddy soils as a source of natural biofertilizer as well as to the global carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycle. The impacts of pesticides on the cyanobacteria are regulated by the duration of the exposure, chemical nature of pesticides, and cyanobacterial strategy of tolerance. Depending on the composition and types, pesticides target the cellular membrane system, components of photosynthetic systems as well as the enzymes of biosynthetic pathways in cyanobacteria. Several cyanobacterial strains also show remarkable tolerance toward pesticides and utilize them as a nutrient source to support their growth. Thus, this chapter aims to review the impact of pesticides on the cyanobacteria and the rice productivity and also to elaborate the mechanism of pesticide action and cyanobacterial strategy of tolerance toward pesticides.
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