Abstract
Biogas is an increasingly popular renewable energy source. It can be upgraded to biomethane for applications equivalent to fossil natural gas. The CO2 and other impurities in biogas, however, have to be removed prior to its use as biomethane. Pressure swing adsorption, high-pressure water scrubbing, membrane separation, and cryogenic separation are commercially available biogas upgrading technologies. The environmental performance of biogas upgrading can be assessed via life cycle assessment (LCA). Published LCAs of biogas upgrading technologies have mostly taken an attributional LCA approach with ReCiPe, CML-IA, and IMPACT 2002 as common choices for the impact assessment method. The studies are generally concerned with midpoint impacts associated with biogas upgrading (e.g., global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, and ozone layer depletion). Including endpoint impact categories such as damage to human health and the ecosystem, and resource availability can further aid the decision maker.
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